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The October Crisis ((フランス語:La crise d'Octobre)) was a crisis that involved the kidnapping and murder of Pierre Laporte, a provincial cabinet minister, and the kidnapping and subsequent release of James Cross, a British diplomat, by members of the ''Front de libération du Québec'' (FLQ). The events took place during October 1970 in the province of Quebec, Canada, mainly in the Montreal metropolitan area. Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau on October 16 invoked the first peacetime use of the War Measures Act in Canada's history. He was supported by the Premier of Quebec, Robert Bourassa, and the Mayor of Montreal, Jean Drapeau. Trudeau deployed Canadian Forces throughout Quebec; they acted in a support role to the civil authorities of Quebec. The police were also enabled with far-reaching powers, and they arrested and detained, without bail, 497 individuals, all but 62 of whom were later released without charges.〔John English, ''Just Watch Me: The Life of Pierre Elliott Trudeau: 1968-2000'' (2009). pp 86-91〕 At the time, opinion polls throughout Canada, including in Quebec, showed widespread support for the use of the War Measures Act.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chronology of the October Crisis, 1970, and its Aftermath – Quebec History )〕 The response, however, was criticized at the time by prominent politicians such as René Lévesque and Tommy Douglas, who believed the actions to be excessive and the suspension of civil liberties dangerous. The criticism was reinforced by evidence that police officials had abused their powers and detained, without cause, prominent artists and intellectuals associated with the sovereignty movement.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Socialist History Project – Socialists and the October Crisis, Part 2 )〕 The events of October 1970 galvanized support against violence in efforts for Quebec sovereignty and accelerated the movement towards electoral means of attaining greater autonomy and independence,〔Fournier, Louis. FLQ: Anatomy of an Underground Movement, pg. 256〕 including support for the sovereignist ''Parti Québécois'', which formed the provincial government in 1976. ==Background== From 1963 to 1970 the Quebec nationalist group ''Front de libération du Québec'' had detonated over 95 bombs. While mailboxes—particularly in the affluent and predominantly Anglophone city of Westmount—were common targets, the largest single bombing was of the Montreal Stock Exchange on February 13, 1969, which caused extensive damage and injured 27 people. Other targets included Montreal City Hall, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, armed forces recruiting offices, railway tracks, and army installations. FLQ members, in a strategic move, had stolen several tons of dynamite from military and industrial sites, and, financed by bank robberies, they threatened through their official communication organ, known as ''La Cognée'', that more attacks were to come. By 1970, 23 members of the FLQ were in prison, including four convicted of murder. On February 26, 1970, two men in a panel truck – including Jacques Lanctôt– were arrested in Montreal when they were discovered with a sawed-off shotgun and a communique announcing the kidnapping of the Israeli consul. In June, police raided a home in the small community of Prévost, north of Montreal in the Laurentian Mountains, and found firearms, ammunition, 300 pounds (140 kg) of dynamite, detonators, and the draft of a ransom note to be used in the kidnapping of the United States consul. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「October Crisis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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